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Logical, Systematic
INTRODUCTION Petrophysical Objectives and C&F Failure Entry Points PHYSICAL CHARACTER OF CARBONATES & FRACTURES Contrasting Geological Origins Clastic vs. Carbonate Physical Differences Micropractical Dominant minerals About clay minerals Clastic vs. Carbonate Diagenesis Effect on pore geometry, porosity vs. permeability, resistivity Fracture Key Physical Properties & Controls Stress, orientation, spacing(D), width(E) & mean length(L) Carbonate wettability Is your reservoir non-strongly water wet? Check list Fracture-Matrix Interaction Carbonate Classification Systems vs. Petrophysical requirements Lucia's "Rock Fabric" approach and application Fracture Reservoir Classifications Why Classification Systems are crucial to C&F Petrophysics Practical Session Morning: Daily Recap, Questions, Debate
IMPACT OF CHARACTER ON MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION Cheap logs and Failure Entry Points Impact on Porosity Micropractical What is Carbonate Effective Porosity? Fracture porosity calculations Impact on Saturation Swrt, Swnmr, Swco, Swpc Impact on Permeability kpor, knmr, kcts Impact on Contacts & FWL
MISLEADING DATA Fracture well tests Biased routine core analysis Cheap logs Tight carbonates and common mineral variations Low Rt, High Rt Conventional log analysis C&F major petrophysical difficulties Practical Session
ACHIEVING COST-EFFECTIVE DATA ACQUISITION Characteristics of C&F Cost-Effective Data The Principles & Application to C&F Reservoirs of: - Mud properties - Mudlog data - SP - Rxo - Miniperms - Whole core - Sonic Density Neutron - Water zones - Purpose designed well tests - Analogs - PetroDB - HFU/FZI - Magnetic Resonance (NMR) logs - Dielectric logs - Pulsed neutron (Sigma) logs etc Powerful Data! You must come to the course for these! Relative Contribution of Different data types: Clastics vs. C&F Key Questions Your Data Acquisition Program must answer Practical Session Morning: Daily Recap, Questions, Debate
ACHIEVING FIT-FOR-PURPOSE QUICK-LOOK RESULTS The basic problem for the Clastics petrophysicist Reminder: the reservoir, borehole, invasion, symbols, tools, principles, curves, petrophysical function QL Porosity density-neutron, sonic QL Reconciling nuclear and sonic porosities QL Common matrix problems QL Vugs QL Impact of vugs and fractures QL Variable cementation exponent (m) and prediction(s) QL Ro prediction QL saturation exponent (n) Practical Session QL Swrr (resistivity ratio) QL Logical reconciliation of Por, Sw QL HC detection Micropractical QL Fracture ID QL Essential Carbonate & Fracture evaluation techniques - recap Practical Session Morning: Daily Recap, Questions, Debate
CARBONATE MATRIX EVALUATION Key elements and Logical Information Flow: Pore geometry-Fluid distribution-Fluid flow Useful principles to remember What are GR, SP, DN separation telling you and how to use them Achieving accurate matrix properties and porosity in tight carbonates More about m and vugs vs. fractures How to recognize pore geometry (m) variations from Cheap logs, Modern hi-tech logs, NMR, Cores, Special core, Water zones, Pulsed neutron logs, Carbon oxygen logs, Forgotten logs Micropractical Capillary pressure: What is it? How it controls Sh, Cap. equilibrium in carbonates, Lab measures, Reservoir measures, Use in carbonate matrix evaluation QL Swpc (yes, quick-look cap.press Sw's are possible!) Swpc: Process summary Rock types Carbonate Swcore Practical Session NMR Pore Throat Size Distribution vs. NMR. It's use in carbonate matrix evaluation Movie Using Coates Bound Fluid concept in C&F's - reasons to be cheerful NMR permeability What is an acoustic Stoneley wave and is it useful? WFTs (MDTS etc) FWLs Movie Carbonate matrix evaluation Key Points Integrating matrix results in the C&F geo.model
FRACTURE EVALUATION AND FRACTURE MATRIX INTERACTION Fracture evaluation - Process Fracture porosity and permeability equations Fracture finding data - ranked Morning: Daily Recap, Questions, Debate Acoustic Stoneley waves Acoustic shear wave splitting - what is it and how to use it Movie Micropractical Image logs: resistivity, acoustic. Application to C&F evaluations Estimating Fracture-matrix interaction Fracture surpirses! Key questions for the Petrophysicist and geo.model Fractures: Summary, Key Questions, Key Recommendations Practical: How to use Carbonate Capillary Data: Look up tables, Sw-Ht functions, RCA, resistivity and geo.model integration
RECAP AND RECOMMENDATIONS 10 Common Systematic Errors which ruin your C&F geo.model Repeat: C&F Key Recommendations for the Petrophysicist, Management and User of petrophysical results
Record of Daily Recaps Twice Daily Practical work sessions Each morning - Your considered questions and debate Critical Equation in MSExcel format Abbreviations Key C&F technical papers References Charts
Being able to recognize, understand and treat the critical issues which threaten the C&F petrophysicist via the structured process detailed in this course, will give you fresh confidence and enthusiasm for your work as a C&F geoscientist.
If you love petrophysics you will love this course!
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